"A-KE"	(Figure 92)

     This is a small model of an actual case of a "host-parasite" relationship. Gould & Pyle (Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine, 1901) make the following statement on page 193, "An analogous case [analogous to Laloo] was that of A-Ke,' a Chinaman, who was exhibited in London early in the century, and of whom and his parasite anatomic models are seen in our museums."
     This particular model is made of plaster and it was prepared by Dr. Miller in 1832 for his medical museum.

APOTHECARY JARS	(Figures 94 and 95)

     The museum has a collection of over a hundred hand blown jars with bubble stoppers and with the original pharmaceutical contents still intact. These jars correspond most closely with the US 1850 Formulary of medicinal substances, and they were bought from Philip Shieffelin, Haines & Co., New York. Philip was a cousin of the main succession of Shieffelins who founded and still manage the New York firm of Shieffelin & Co.

ARM IN WAX	(Figure 96)

     This is a very good example of the use of wax in making anatomical models. While wax allows for excellent detail and particularly depth of detail, it is brittle when cold (note broken fingers) and soft when warm. As the scale shows it is of natural size.
     This model was purchased from A. Alexandre of London in 1839 by Dr. Peter. It cost twenty pounds.

BONES OF FOETAL SKELETON	(Figure 93)

     Dr. Peter's Notebook has this entry from a bill of Guy of Paris, "I set Bones, foetus, complete, 35 fr." This probably is the set referred to. The bones are mounted in anatomical sets on heavy black cardboard or on wooden pegs.
Note especially the three ossicle for each middle ear and the twenty buds of the milk teeth.      These bones if assembled as a skeleton would make one less than eighteen inches tall. Ainè Guy was a famous preparator of anatomical models and specimens. He was a member of the medical faculty of Paris. In the New York Public library, we found an 1850 catalogue and price list of Guy. Many of the items given in the catalogue are identical with those purchased eleven years earlier by Dr. Peter. This 1850 catalogue lists the head (figure 104) at 250 francs, the "a la Beauchˆne" skull at 200 francs, etc.

BONES SHOWING PATHOLOGIES AND ANAMOLIES	originally: (Not illustrated) now: (Figure 187)

     Many specimens have remained to use from the early medical school. They show various abnormal and pathological conditions such as -- a) osteomyelitis of the tibia, b) thigh bone from dislocated hip, c) ankylosed bones of shank, d) a broken thigh bone which was never set, e) probably an osteoma (tumor) of the thigh bone, and f) two skull caps one having been trephined and the other showing a depressed fracture of the frontal bone.

"BOOKS" OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY	(Figures 97, 98, 107)

     These models were bought by Dr. Felix Thibert ("le docteur") along with many surgical models.
     Dr. Peter states, "20 livrasions, casts, morbid anatomy, 820 francs." These models are in plaster and correspond to actual cases seen at the time of autopsy. The models are framed so that they can stand as books on the physicians' shelf. A full description of the individual models in this collection is given by Dr. Thibert (Anatomie Pathologique avec Modèles en relief, etc., Paris, London, 1839).
     In the Annual Announcement of the Medical Department of Transylvania University for 1839-40 these is reprinted the Valedictory Address of Dean Thomas D. Mitchell. In commenting on the new acquisitions of the Medical Department he says in part, "...In near association [to the drawings of medicinal plants] will be seen the drawings and paintings for the Surgical, Medical, Obstetrical and Chemical departments, designed to facilitate the studies of the pupil, and well adapted for the illustrations of the several teachers. Twenty-eight of the most accurate pictorial representations of morbid structures made by the ingenious Thibert, whose efforts have received the highest praise from the prince of pathological anatomists, Cruvelhier [sic], are already in our possession."

FOETAL HEART	(Figure 99)

     This is an Auzoux Model. It shows very well the confluence of the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
     This model and the others on display, which are made of papier-mache, represent the work of the famous Dr. Auzoux of Paris. In 1840, these was printed a brochure describing Auzoux's models and their use in teaching anatomy to medical students. (Reports on the Artificial Anatomy of Dr. Auzoux etc. Preface by G.S. Bedford, M.D., New York, 1840.)

FOETAL SKELTONS	(Figures 101 and 102)

     Dr. Peter's Notebook has this memorandum, "9 skeletons of fetus and glasses 144 francs."
     The stiff and unnatural style of mounting these foetal skeletons was typical of the time. Many of the early textbooks on human anatomy have illustrations taken from identical specimens. The largest skeleton in this set is full term: from this skeleton the sizes downward represent decreasing ages in terms of lunar months. These skeletons were prepared by Guy of Paris.

HUMAN HEAD	(Figure 100)

     This model is completely in wax. Originally it was mounted on a wooden base cut and painted to simulate a volume of the works of the anatomist Bichat. It also at one time had a cubical glass dust cover. Notice that the skin muscles are exposed on one side and deeper muscles of the face on the other.

HUMAN HEAD	(Figure 103)

     This is a human skull which has been sawed to show the cavities. Nerves, blood vessels, glass eyes, and some muscles have been added to show in considerable detail the relationship of these structures to the bones, teeth, etc. Impacted wisdom teeth show plainly in the lower jaw.
     This head was purchased from Guy (Paris) for 140 francs in 1839. It is listed in Guy's 1850 catalogue at 170 francs.

HUMAN JAWS	originally: (Not illustrated) now: (Figure 160)

     From many lower jaws a set has been selected to show widely different stages of growth and aging. The jaws are arranged to show the buds of the permanent teeth, the fully developed jaw, and the edentulous jaw of old age.

HUMAN SKULL	(Not illustrated)

     Dr. Peter's Notebook has this memo, "1 head sawed in all directions ... 40 francs." This skull was included in the purchase of medical materials from Guy in Paris in 1839.
     One of the problems in preparing this exhibit can be illustrated by the skull. The separate pieces were found in at least six locations ranging from the basement of the Administration Building to the sub-basement and second floor of the Science Building. There is still a small piece under the ear missing.

HUMAN SKULL	(Figure 104)

     This skull is prepared a la Beauchene (Bauchaine). A disarticulated skull mounted in this way is a favorite and useful method of preparation. This particular specimen cost 200 francs in 1839. (This preparation is still listed in Guy's 1850 catalogue at the same price.) At the present time (1959), it would cost perhaps $165.00.

HUMAN SKULL	originally: (Not illustrated) now: (Figure 136, right)

     A skull with the outer layer of the vault ground away to show the channels through which the blood vessels pass.
     Most of the osteological materials were purchased from Ain‚ Guy, Natrualiste Pr‚parateur D' Ost‚ologie et D' Anatomie en cire, Rue de l' Ecole do Mèdecine, N. 4 A Paris. Guy published a catalogue and price list of his preparations in 1850 which was a supplement to preceding editions. We have not seen the earlier editions.

HUMAN TEETH	(Figure 106)

     This complete set of teeth strung on a wire was bought of Guy (Paris) for 40 francs.

MEDICAL MODELS	(Figures 105 and 108)

     Many models for demonstration and teaching were purchased in 1839 from Thibert, Miller, and Auzoux. These were probably put on display for the first time in 1840 in the then new Medical Building which was located on the northwest corner of Broadway and Second Street in Lexington, Kentucky.
     These figures show models in plaster and represent such organs as the tongue and esophagus, the heart, the kidney with suprarenal, the spleen, etc.

MEDICINAL PLANTS	(Figures 109 and 110)

     In 1839 Dr. Peter ordered forty of these canvasses to be painted in the Jardin des Plantes in Paris. He chose the well known artist and medical illustrator Dr. A. Chazal to do the work. They were first shown to the public when the new Medical Building was dedicated in 1840. Transylvania still has eleven of these original paintings with water stains, which are faded, and have tears in the canvas. All are of uniform (24« x 35 inches) size and unframed.      Dean Mitchell (see reference given with the description of figure 98) told the seniors, "In this and the contiguous rooms, the most accurate and delicate paintings of medicinal plants, that the capital of France could furnish, will also find a conspicuous place. I need not tell you, that these exquisite paintings are true to the life, for you have already satisfied yourselves that such is the fact. In all, there are forty-one [Peter ordered forty] of them, drawn and painted, after the living specimens in the Jardin des Plantes, by the ablest Parisian artist. They are the only collection of the kind in this country."

MODELS OF PREGNANT UTERI	(Figures 111 and 112)

     These models are not very accurate in foetal detail, but they are still usable in showing the relationships of the foetal membranes to each other and to the foetus. They are Auzoux Models. The museum has nine of these models. The larger ones that show the later stage of pregnancy are in poor condition.

STOMACHS IN WAX	(Figure 113)

     Originally there were six of these carefully prepared models. We now have three on display. Each model was mounted on a velvet covered board and the whole framed under glass. These models were a part of an extensive museum of medicine collected by Dr. J. Miller in London. They are described in the list of objects in the museum as "Action of Poison on Stomach."

WAX MODELS	(Figures 114 and 115)

     Figure 114 is a model of the right side of the face showing a dissection of the parotid gland and its duct. Although it cannot be seen in the figure, a bit of realism was added in the form of a glass eye. Originally the model was mounted on velvet and framed as the models of the stomach were treated.
     Figure 115 of the colon is representative of the larger and more complex models. It is in full color and shows remarkable detail. The liver and the stomach appear at the top while the urinary bladder is show resting on the pubic arch. Some damage through shipping and breaking of the friable wax is apparent. The large glass dust cover is missing.